PHP & MySQL

Module 1: Introduction to Web Development & PHP

Web Fundamentals

• How websites work (Client-Server Model)

• Introduction to Backend vs Frontend

• What is PHP? (History & Use Cases)

• PHP vs Other Languages (Node.js, Python, ASP.NET)

• Setting Up Development Environment:

  • XAMPP/WAMP/MAMP

  • PHP Standalone with VS Code

  • Docker Setup

PHP Basics

• PHP Syntax & Tags (<?php ?>)

• Variables & Data Types

• Constants (define())

• Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical)

• Comments (Single-line & Multi-line)

Module 2: Control Structures & Functions

Conditional Statements

• if, else, elseif

• Switch Statements

• Ternary Operator

Loops

• for, while, do-while

• foreach (Arrays)

• break & continue

Functions

• Built-in Functions

• User-defined Functions

• Parameters & Return Values

• Variable Scope (global, static)

• Anonymous Functions & Closures

Module 3: Working with Data

Arrays

• Indexed Arrays

• Associative Arrays

• Multidimensional Arrays

• Array Functions (count(), sort(), array_merge())

Strings

• String Functions (strlen(), substr(), str_replace())

• String Formatting (printf(), sprintf())

• Regular Expressions (preg_match())

Dates & Times

• date() Function

• Timezones

• DateTime Class

• Date Calculations

Module 4: File Handling & Forms

File Operations

• Reading/Writing Files (fopen(), fwrite())

• File Uploads ($_FILES)

• Directory Handling

Form Handling

• GET vs POST

• Form Validation

• Sanitizing Input (filter_var())

• Handling Checkboxes, Radio Buttons, Select Menus

Module 5: Introduction to Databases & MySQL

Database Fundamentals

• What is MySQL?

• Relational Databases (Tables, Rows, Columns)

• SQL vs NoSQL

• phpMyAdmin Overview

MySQL Basics

• Creating Databases & Tables

• Data Types (INT, VARCHAR, TEXT, DATE)

• Primary Keys & Auto-increment

• CRUD Operations:

  • INSERT

  • SELECT (WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT)

  • UPDATE

  • DELETE

Module 6: PHP & MySQL Integration

MySQLi Extension

• Connecting to Database (mysqli_connect())

• Executing Queries (mysqli_query())

• Prepared Statements (Security)

• Fetching Results (mysqli_fetch_assoc())

PDO (PHP Data Objects)

• PDO Connection

• Prepared Statements with PDO

• Error Handling (Try-Catch)

• Transactions

Module 7: Sessions & Cookies

• What are Sessions? (session_start())

• Storing & Retrieving Session Data

• Cookies (setcookie())

• Authentication Flow (Login/Logout)

Module 8: Object-Oriented PHP (OOP)

• Classes & Objects

• Properties & Methods

• Constructor & Destructor

• Inheritance

• Interfaces & Abstract Classes

• Traits

• Magic Methods (__construct(), __toString())

Module 9: Security Best Practices

• SQL Injection Prevention

• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Protection

• CSRF Protection

• Password Hashing (password_hash())

• Data Validation & Sanitization

Module 10: Working with APIs

• REST API Concepts

• Consuming APIs (file_get_contents(), cURL)

• Building a Simple API

• JSON Handling (json_encode(), json_decode())

Module 11: Project Work

Mini Projects

1. Contact Form with Database Storage

2. User Authentication System

3. Blog System (CRUD Operations)

4. Product Inventory Management

Capstone Project

• E-Commerce Website:

  • User Registration/Login

  • Product Catalog

  • Shopping Cart

  • Checkout System

  • Admin Dashboard